Is it feasible to perform sound recognition training on a mobile device?

There is a body of literature concerning the categorization of sounds where the possible matches would be any sound found in the modern world (for instance: http://projects.csail.mit.edu/soundnet/). This question is different in that it's limited to searching just a handful of specific sounds, recorded and trained locally. This question is about the feasibility of coding a mobile application that would record and convert a small set of sounds (say, fewer than 10), then be able to "listen" for, and identify those sounds.

In this similar, unanswered SO question, the author gives the sound of a doorbell as an example. My example would be a bit different in that I'd like to categorize vocalizations of dogs. I might define "fido bark", "rover bark", "fido whine", "rover whine", so four buttons when the app was in training mode. Then the dogs would make their sounds, and the human user would categorize each sound. The app would then be changed to listening mode, and if a certain dog made a certain vocalization, the app would match the sound and display which dog, and which vocalization occurred.

Is it feasible to code a application, such as the one outlined above, on a typical mobile device, without external processing?

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