Why does typescript allow me to import dependencies it can't use at runtime?

You can see my sample project here: https://github.com/DanKaplanSES/typescript-stub-examples/tree/JavaScript-import-invalid

I have created this file called main.ts:

import uuid from "uuid";

console.log(uuid.v4());

Although typescript is fine with this import, when I try to node main.js, it gives this error:

console.log(uuid_1["default"].v4());
                              ^

TypeError: Cannot read property 'v4' of undefined
    at Object.<anonymous> (C:\root\lib\main.js:5:31)
←[90m    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1063:30)←[39m
←[90m    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1092:10)←[39m
←[90m    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:928:32)←[39m
←[90m    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:769:14)←[39m
←[90m    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:72:12)←[39m
←[90m    at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47←[39m

If I change the file to this, it executes fine:

import * as uuid from "uuid";

console.log(uuid.v4());

If the first version is invalid, why doesn't typescript inform me?

I have a multi file tsconfig setup. Check the github project for more details, but here are the shared compiler options which may be relevant:

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "rootDir": ".",
        "esModuleInterop": true,
        "module": "CommonJS",
        "moduleResolution": "node",
        "composite": true,
        "importHelpers": true,
    },
}

Here is how the main.js looks:

doesn't work

"use strict";
exports.__esModule = true;
var tslib_1 = require("tslib");
var uuid_1 = tslib_1.__importDefault(require("uuid"));
console.log(uuid_1["default"].v4());

works

"use strict";
exports.__esModule = true;
var tslib_1 = require("tslib");
var uuid = tslib_1.__importStar(require("uuid"));
console.log(uuid.v4());

from Why does typescript allow me to import dependencies it can't use at runtime?