I just found an answer to my question but can neither revoke the bounty nor delete the question which leaves me in a sort of awkward position.
I have a purely functional transducer implementation in Javascript that supports loop-fusion and short circuiting. Please note that although I am using JS it is not a requirement for understanding the question. Only the types matter.
// ((a -> r) -> r) -> Cont r a
const Cont = k => ({run: k});
// (a -> b -> Cont b b) -> b -> [a] -> b
const foldk = f => init => xs => {
let acc = init;
for (let i = xs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
acc = f(xs[i]) (acc).run(id);
return acc;
};
// (a -> b) -> (b -> t b -> Cont (t b) (t b)) -> a -> t b -> Cont (t b) (t b)
const map = f => cons => x => acc =>
Cont(k => cons(f(x)) (acc).run(k));
// (a -> Bool) -> (a -> t a -> Cont (t a) (t a)) -> a -> t a -> Cont (t a) (t a)
const filter = p => cons => x => acc =>
Cont(k =>
p(x)
? cons(x) (acc).run(k)
: k(acc));
// (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c
const comp = f => g => x => f(g(x));
const liftCont2 = f => x => y => Cont(k => k(f(x) (y)));
const unshift = x => xs => (xs.unshift(x), xs);
const includes = sub => s => s.includes(sub);
const len = arrayLike => arrayLike.length;
const id = x => x;
// (String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String))
// -> String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String)
const filterO = filter(includes("o"));
// (Number -> t Number -> Cont (t Number) (t Number))
// -> String -> t Number -> Cont (t Number) (t Number)
const mapLen = map(len);
// type error
const transducer = comp(filterO) (mapLen);
const reducer = transducer(liftCont2(unshift));
const main = foldk(reducer) ([]) (["f", "fo", "foo", "fooo"]);
console.log(main); // [2, 3, 4] with only a single traversal
As you can see the fold works but doesn't type check. Revealing the type error requires some manual unification:
unify `comp(filterO)`:
(b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c
(String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String))
-> String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String)
yields
(a -> String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String))
-> a -> String -> t<String> -> Cont (t String) (t String)
unify result of `comp(filterO)` with `mapLen` (contravariant):
a -> String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String)
(Number -> t Number -> Cont (t Number) (t Number))
-> String -> t Number -> Cont (t Number) (t Number)
substitutes
a ~ Number -> t Number -> Cont (t Number) (t Number)
unify (covariant):
String -> t String -> Cont (t String) (t String)
String -> t Number -> Cont (t Number) (t Number)
Both terms clearly cannot be unified.
Are transducers a concept exclusive for dynamic languages and cannot be typed, did I make a mistake during unification or are my transducer types (map
/filtert
) just plain wrong?
from Can clojure inspired transducers be typed with the HM type system?
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