The Android OS consists of the Linux kernel and other layers that sit on top of it:
On Linux (desktop/server), there is a general expectation that bad apps running with user-level permissions can not crash the whole system.
However, on Android, I've heard and read that bad apps can cause restarts -- I believe this refers to soft reboot, where only the layers on top of the kernel get rebooted, at least this is what I experienced personally.
Three questions:
- Is this correct? And if so,
- Why does Android allow this (as a matter of policy)? (*)
- How does this happen, technically?
(*) I believe there is a difference between a bug in the OS (a security vulnerability) that allows this, and the OS generally allowing a user-level app to crash the system: The vulnerabilities are typically not something you stumble upon accidentally.
from How can faulty Android apps force the OS to soft-reboot?

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