record audio with exact timestamps

I want to record raw audio on an android wear device, and exactly synchronize it with other sensor data, such as the accelerometer. To record raw audio, there is AudioRecord, but how can I determine the exact timestamp for a part of the audio stream?

I get chunks of the audio data by calling AudioRecord.read() in a loop, but how can I tell when a specific frame was recorded?

I can see three ways to determine a timestamp, and all of them seem wrong to me:

1. Get the current system time before or after calling AudioRecord.startRecording(), by calling SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos(), and then calculate the time of each chunk based on the sample rate and frame size. But according to my tests there is a significant delay, until the recording actually starts. The time would also get out of sync whenever some frames are lost, e.g. when processing is stalled for a moment.

2. Get the current system time before or after AudioRecord.read(). But that is probably not the time that this data was recorded, that could have happened a bit earlier. And if no data is available yet, read() will block and the timestamp taken before will be totally wrong.

3. AudioRecord.getTimestamp() gives the time of the frame that is currently recording. But that is not necessarily the frame that I am currently reading, I could be a couple frames behind, or I could have missed some frames.

This would leave me with 6 probably wrong timestamps, shown in the code below. Is any of those even close to accurate?

recorder = new AudioRecord(...)

// timeBeforeStart =  SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos()
recorder.startRecording()
// timeAfterStart =  SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos()

...

// timeBeforeRead =  SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos()
// recorder.getTimestamp(frameTimeBeforeRead, AudioTimestamp.TIMEBASE_BOOTTIME)
recorder.read(myArray, 0, mySize);
// recorder.getTimestamp(frameTimeAfterRead, AudioTimestamp.TIMEBASE_BOOTTIME)
// timeAfterRead =  SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos()

Which of these would be the most accurate way to determine the timestamp corresponding to the data in the byte array?

Is there a different method for retrieving raw audio data with accurate timestamps?

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