I'm working on a ussd voting application and Ive got everything right except for saving the votes to the database and updating the table.
The function that handles the save_vote is per below;
function save_vote($phone_number, $voted_for) {
// Just the digits, please
$phone_number = preg_replace('/\D/', '', $phone_number);
// Check to see if person has already voted
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM voters WHERE phone_number=?');
$stmt->execute(array($phone_number));
// If not, save their vote
if ($stmt->fetchColumn() == 0)
{
// Save voter
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('INSERT INTO voters (phone_number, voted_for) VALUES (?, ?)');
$stmt->execute(array($phone_number, $voted_for));
// Update vote count
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('UPDATE brands SET votes = votes + 1 WHERE id=?');
$stmt->execute(array($voted_for));
return 'Thank you, your vote has been recorded';
}
else {
return 'Sorry, you can only vote once.';
}
}
The values being passed into the function are DB->save_vote('02778995805', 2)
The server logs throws an exception as follows
1 {main}
2019-02-28T13:50:49.813224+00:00 app[web.1]: thrown in /app/db.php on line 57
and line 57 is where the code $stmt->execute(array($phone_number)); is at.
Will appreciate some help explaining what could be going wrong.
Thanks
As Requested from the comments, Please see below
db.php code:
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: kqwameselase
* Date: 2019-02-27
* Time: 22:53
*/
class DB {
const DB_NAME = 'votes.sqlite';
protected $db;
function __construct() {
$this->db = new PDO('sqlite:'.self::DB_NAME);
}
function init() {
// Create two tables, one to store the brands being voted on and their vote counts (brands) and one to store the people that have voted (voters).
$this->db->exec('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS brands (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, votes INTEGER);');
$this->db->exec('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS voters (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, phone_number TEXT, voted_for INTEGER);');
}
function add_brand($name) {
// Check to make sure the brand name doesn't already exist
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM brands WHERE name=?');
$stmt->execute(array($name));
// If not, insert it
if ($stmt->fetchColumn() == 0)
{
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('INSERT INTO brands (name, votes) VALUES (?, 0)');
$stmt->execute(array($name));
}
}
function get_brands() {
$result = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM brands');
foreach ($result as $row)
{
$brand['id'] = $row['id'];
$brand['name'] = $row['name'];
$brand['votes'] = $row['votes'];
$brands[] = $brand;
}
return $brands;
}
/**
* @param $phone_number
* @param $voted_for
* @return string
*/
function save_vote($phone_number, $voted_for) {
// Just the digits, please
$phone_number = intval(preg_replace('/\D/', '', $phone_number));
// Check to see if person has already voted
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM voters WHERE phone_number=?');
$stmt->bindParam(1, $phone_number, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
// If not, save their vote
if ($stmt->fetchColumn() == 0)
{
// Save voter
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('INSERT INTO voters (phone_number, voted_for) VALUES (?, ?)');
$stmt->bindParam(1, $phone_number, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindParam(2, $voted_for, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
// Update vote count
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('UPDATE brands SET votes = votes + 1 WHERE id=?');
$stmt->bindParam(1,$voted_for, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
return 'Thank you, your vote has been recorded';
}
else {
return 'Sorry, you can only vote once.';
}
}
/* function save_vote($phone_number, $voted_for) {
// Just the digits, please
$phone_number = intval(preg_replace('/\D/', '', $phone_number));
// Check to see if person has already voted
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM voters WHERE phone_number=?');
$stmt->bindParam('i', $phone_number);
$stmt->execute();
// If not, save their vote
if ($stmt->fetchColumn() == 0)
{
// Save voter
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('INSERT INTO voters (phone_number, voted_for) VALUES (?, ?)');
$stmt->bindParam('ii', $phone_number, $voted_for); // we suppose tha rhe $voted_for is integer if not use intval
$stmt->execute();
// Update vote count
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('UPDATE brands SET votes = votes + 1 WHERE id=?');
$stmt->bindParam('i',$voted_for);// we suppose tha rhe $voted_for is integer if not use intval
$stmt->execute();
return 'Thank you, your vote has been recorded';
}
else {
return 'Sorry, you can only vote once.';
}
}*/
/* function save_vote($phone_number, $voted_for) {
// Just the digits, please
$phone_number = preg_replace('/\D/', '', $phone_number);
// Check to see if person has already voted
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM voters WHERE phone_number=?');
$stmt->bind_param(int, $phone_number);
$stmt->execute();
//$stmt->execute(array($phone_number));
// If not, save their vote
if ($stmt->fetchColumn() == 0)
{
// Save voter
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('INSERT INTO voters (phone_number, voted_for) VALUES (?, ?)');
$stmt->execute(array($phone_number, $voted_for));
// Update vote count
$stmt = $this->db->prepare('UPDATE brands SET votes = votes + 1 WHERE id=?');
$stmt->execute(array($voted_for));
return 'Thank you, your vote has been recorded';
}
else {
return 'Sorry, you can only vote once.';
}
}*/
}
Here is the vote-now.php code where the useres interract with the system.
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: kqwameselase
* Date: 2019-02-27
* Time: 10:29
*/
date_default_timezone_set('Africa/Ghana');
require_once('db.php');
header('Content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://apps.smsgh.com");
header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS");
// Begin by reading the HTTP request body contents.
// Since we expect is to be in JSON format, let's parse as well.
$ussdRequest = json_decode(@file_get_contents('php://input'));
// Our response object. We shall use PHP's json_encode function
// to convert the various properties (we'll set later) into JSON.
$ussdResponse = new stdClass;
// Check if no errors occured.
if ($ussdRequest != NULL)
switch ($ussdRequest->Type) {
// Initiation request. This is the first type of request every
// USSD application will receive. So let's display our main menu.
case 'Initiation':
$ussdResponse->Message =
"Welcome to Ghana Beverage Awards 2019. Vote for your preferred product of the year.\n" .
"1. Origin Beer \n2. Club Beer \n3. Star Beer \n4. Guinness \n5. Gulder";
$ussdResponse->Type = 'Response';
break;
// Response request. This is where all other interactions occur.
// Every time the mobile subscriber responds to any of our vote options,
// this will be the type of request we shall receive.
case 'Response':
switch ($ussdRequest->Sequence) {
// Menu selection. Note that everytime we receive a request
// in a particular session, the Sequence will increase by 1.
// Sequence number 1 was that of the initiation request.
case 2:
$items = array('1' => 'Origin Beer', '2' => 'Club Beer', '3' => 'Star Beer', '4' => 'Guinness', '5' => 'Gulder');
if (isset($items[$ussdRequest->Message])) {
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Please confirm your preferred product of the year is '
. $items[$ussdRequest->Message] . "?\n1. Yes\n2. No";
$ussdResponse->Type = 'Response';
$ussdResponse->ClientState = $items[$ussdRequest->Message];
} else {
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Invalid option.';
$ussdResponse->Type = 'Release';
}
break;
// Order confirmation. Here the user has responded to our
// previously sent menu (i.e. Please confirm your preferred product of the year is...)
// Note that we saved the option the user selected in our
// previous dialog into the ClientState property.
case 3:
switch ($ussdRequest->Message) {
case '1':
$db = new DB();
// save_vote will check to see if the person has already voted
$phone_number = $ussdRequest->Mobile;
//Return the array number for the selected vote to be used when updated votes
$items2 = array('1' => 'Origin Beer', '2' => 'Club Beer', '3' => 'Star Beer', '4' => 'Guinness', '5' => 'Gulder');
$voted_for = array_search($ussdRequest->ClientState, $items2) ;
$response = $db->save_vote($phone_number, $voted_for);
//echo $response;
//Display Success message after vote saved.
$ussdResponse->Message =
'Thank you. You have successfully voted for '
. $ussdRequest->ClientState . ' as your preferred Product of the Year.';
break;
case '2':
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Vote cancelled.';
break;
default:
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Invalid selection.';
break;
}
$ussdResponse->Type = "Release";
break;
// Unexpected request. If the code here should ever
// execute, it means the request is probably forged.
default:
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Unexpected request.';
$ussdResponse->Type = 'Release';
break;
}
break;
// Session cleanup.
// Not much to do here.
default:
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Duh.';
$ussdResponse->Type = 'Release';
break;
}
// An error has occured.
// Probably the request JSON could not be parsed.
else {
$ussdResponse->Message = 'Invalid USSD request.';
$ussdResponse->Type = 'Release';
}
// Let's set the HTTP content-type of our response, encode our
// USSD response object into JSON, and flush the output.
header('Content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
echo json_encode($ussdResponse);
Full Error per heroku Logs:
2019-02-28T16:31:19.510613+00:00 app[web.1]: [28-Feb-2019 16:31:19 UTC] PHP Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to a member function bindParam() on bool in /app/db.php:62 2019-02-28T16:31:19.510703+00:00 app[web.1]: Stack trace: 2019-02-28T16:31:19.510862+00:00 app[web.1]:
0 /app/vote-now.php(77): DB->save_vote(277655805, 1) 2019-02-28T16:31:19.510947+00:00 app[web.1]: #1 {main}
2019-02-28T16:31:19.511072+00:00 app[web.1]: thrown in /app/db.php on line 62 2019-02-28T16:31:19.512333+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.45.101.19 - - [28/Feb/2019:16:31:19 +0000] "POST /vote-now.php HTTP/1.1" 500 - "http://apps.smsgh.com/USSDSimulator/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36
from WHY does the array execution in the function below throw an exception?
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