I implemented a forecasting model using LSTM in Keras. The dataset is 15mints seperated and I am forecasting for 12 future steps.
The model performs good for the problem. But there is a small problem with the forecast made. It is showing a small shift effect. To get a more clear picture see the below attached figure.
How to handle this problem.? How the data must be transformed to handle this kind of issue.?
The model I used is given below
init_lstm = RandomUniform(minval=-.05, maxval=.05)
init_dense_1 = RandomUniform(minval=-.03, maxval=.06)
model = Sequential()
model.add(LSTM(15, input_shape=(X.shape[1], X.shape[2]), kernel_initializer=init_lstm, recurrent_dropout=0.33))
model.add(Dense(1, kernel_initializer=init_dense_1, activation='linear'))
model.compile(loss='mae', optimizer=Adam(lr=1e-4))
history = model.fit(X, y, epochs=1000, batch_size=16, validation_data=(X_valid, y_valid), verbose=1, shuffle=False)
I made the forecasts like this
my_forecasts = model.predict(X_valid, batch_size=16)
Time series data is transformed to supervised to feed the LSTM using this function
# convert time series into supervised learning problem
def series_to_supervised(data, n_in=1, n_out=1, dropnan=True):
n_vars = 1 if type(data) is list else data.shape[1]
df = DataFrame(data)
cols, names = list(), list()
# input sequence (t-n, ... t-1)
for i in range(n_in, 0, -1):
cols.append(df.shift(i))
names += [('var%d(t-%d)' % (j+1, i)) for j in range(n_vars)]
# forecast sequence (t, t+1, ... t+n)
for i in range(0, n_out):
cols.append(df.shift(-i))
if i == 0:
names += [('var%d(t)' % (j+1)) for j in range(n_vars)]
else:
names += [('var%d(t+%d)' % (j+1, i)) for j in range(n_vars)]
# put it all together
agg = concat(cols, axis=1)
agg.columns = names
# drop rows with NaN values
if dropnan:
agg.dropna(inplace=True)
return agg
super_data = series_to_supervised(data, 12, 1)
My timeseries is a multi-variate one. var2 is the one that I need to forecast. I dropped the future var1 like
del super_data['var1(t)']
Seperated train and valid like this
features = super_data[feat_names]
values = super_data[val_name]
ntest = 3444
train_feats, test_feats = features[0:-n_test], features[-n_test:]
train_vals, test_vals = values [0:-n_test], values [-n_test:]
X, y = train_feats.values, train_vals.values
X = X.reshape(X.shape[0], 1, X.shape[1])
X_valid, y_valid = test_feats .values, test_vals .values
X_valid = X_valid.reshape(X_valid.shape[0], 1, X_valid.shape[1])
I haven't made the data stationary for this forecast. I also tried taking difference and making the model as stationary as I can, but the issue remains the same.
I have also tried different scaling ranges for the min-max scaler, hoping it may help the model. But the forecasts are getting worsened.
from How to handle Shift in Forecasted value

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