Find position of maximum per unique bin (binargmax)

Setup

Suppose I have

bins = np.array([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 2])
vals = np.array([8, 7, 3, 4, 1, 2, 6, 5, 0, 9])
k = 3

I need the position of maximal values by unique bin in bins.

# Bin == 0
#  ↓ ↓           ↓
# [0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 2]
# [8 7 3 4 1 2 6 5 0 9]
#  ↑ ↑           ↑
#  ⇧
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
# Maximum is 8 and happens at position 0

(vals * (bins == 0)).argmax()

0

---

# Bin == 1
#      ↓ ↓         ↓
# [0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 2]
# [8 7 3 4 1 2 6 5 0 9]
#      ↑ ↑         ↑
#        ⇧
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
# Maximum is 4 and happens at position 3

(vals * (bins == 1)).argmax()

3

---

# Bin == 2
#          ↓ ↓ ↓     ↓
# [0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 2]
# [8 7 3 4 1 2 6 5 0 9]
#          ↑ ↑ ↑     ↑
#                    ⇧
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
# Maximum is 9 and happens at position 9

(vals * (bins == 2)).argmax()

9

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Those functions are hacky and aren't even generalizable for negative values.

Question

How do I get all such values in the most efficient manner using Numpy?

What I've tried.

def binargmax(bins, vals, k):
  out = -np.ones(k, np.int64)
  trk = np.empty(k, vals.dtype)
  trk.fill(np.nanmin(vals) - 1)

  for i in range(len(bins)):
    v = vals[i]
    b = bins[i]
    if v > trk[b]:
      trk[b] = v
      out[b] = i

  return out

binargmax(bins, vals, k)

array([0, 3, 9])

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LINK TO TESTING AND VALIDATION

from Find position of maximum per unique bin (binargmax)